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Qipao, also known as Cheongsam, is a close-fitting woman’s dress with a high neck and slit skirt. With distinctive
Chinese features, it has experienced numerous changes and enjoys a growing popularity in the international world of
high fashion.
When the early Manchu rulers increased their powers southward, they organized people into “banners” (qi) and called
them “banner people” (Qiren), which then be called qipao or “banner dress”.
The Qing Dynasty: Symbol of the noble court
In 1644, when the Manchus united China, established the Qing dynasty and moved its capital to Beijing, the qipao
began to spread throughout central China. Usually it was made of silk and embroidered with broad laces trimmed at
the collar, sleeves and edges. This style was regarded as the highest fashion standard for Chinese women for several
hundred years.
In the 1920s: Survival through political changes
Although the 1911 Revolution toppled the rule of the Qing dynasty, the dress survived the political change and,
with later improvements, remained the traditional outfit for Chinese women. The cufs of the qipao gradually became
smaller in the 1920s, and the embroidered hem was not as broad as before.
In the 1930s and 1940s: Past glory
The 1930s were the gorgeous pinnacle of Chinese modern times, with Shanghai as the fashion capital of China.
The so-called Chinese cheongsam referred to the Shanghai-style qipao developed at that time. Influenced changed.
The length was shorter and the waist was tinner. Changes were made to the sleeves and collar according to the latest
fashion and different occasions.
From the 1950s to the 1980s: Silent years
At the start of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the qipao lost its popularity as most women
throughout the country pursued socialism enthusiastically. The “culture revolution”(1966-1976) repressed many
aspects of Chinese culture, including the qipao.
The Qipao today: Revival or not?
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It seemed the qipao had experience decades of warning. However, some fashion insiders insist that its popularity
will return. For many, the qipao with its combination of simplicity, delicacy and elegance will not loose its
attractiveness.
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